Backhouse Rossie Estate

Historic Connections – Charles Darwin and the Backhouse Broccoli

In the late 19th century, Charles Darwin conducted experiments with Backhouse broccoli as part of his research into the purpose of ‘bloom’ (the water-repellent outer layer on brassica leaves). Over 100 years later, Darwin’s findings are still relevant, particularly in modern agriculture, where bloom plays a crucial role in determining the shelf life and transportation of fruits and vegetables. We proudly incorporate purple sprouting broccoli into our seasonal kitchen menu, a nod to Darwin’s ground-breaking research.

In 1877, at the age of 69, Darwin remained remarkably productive at Down House and was happiest when engaged in topics that required careful observation and experimentation. His handwritten notes, detailing his use of Backhouse purple sprouting broccoli in drip tests and research into insect susceptibility, are a testament to his dedication. Darwin’s son, Francis, assisted with these long-running studies, which spanned decades.

In a letter dated September 5, 1877, Darwin wrote to William Turner Thiselton-Dyer, Assistant Director at Kew Gardens, stating: “We have made out clearly that with some plants (chiefly succulent), the bloom checks evaporation… with some, it certainly prevents attacks of insects… with some, it prevents injury from salt-water… and I believe with a few, it prevents injury from pure water resting on leaves.”

Francis Darwin further elaborated on this work in 1886, drawing attention to the effectiveness of bloom in protecting leaves from rain rather than dew, and documenting how the bloom allowed leaves to remain dry even after being submerged in water. This fascinating research, carried out with the assistance of Sir J.D. Hooker and at the Jodrell Laboratory in Kew Gardens, laid the foundation for many modern studies in plant biology.

“With regard to the kind of wetting which is prevented by the bloom on leaves, it is probable that it is more effective against rain than against dew, since at least some bloom-protected leaves are easily covered with a coating of dew in very finely divided drops. It is curious to observe the effect of immersion on such a leaf – which may be plunged into water still retaining its coating of dew, and will be found to be perfectly dry on being removed from the water – so that the readiest way of drying such a leaf is to dip it into water.”

One of Caroline’s 4th Great Uncles, a member of the Backhouse family, was instrumental in cultivating a fine range of broccoli, which was prominently featured in their catalogues. Today, we celebrate this achievement in our Backhouse Café, where we serve a traditional broccoli soup based on a Backhouse family recipe, a delicious tribute to the family’s contribution to both horticulture and culinary heritage.

Come and learn more about Darwin’s discoveries with the Backhouse broccoli and experience the legacy of innovation that continues to thrive at Backhouse Rossie Estate.

Historic Connections – Mary Queen of Scots

The Stewart Kings often retreated to Fife for leisure rather than official duties, relishing the pleasures of the hunt and other refined pursuits with local notables, as well as the usual assemblage of courtiers. Falkland Wood, well-stocked with deer, was the centre of these hunting activities and a favourite pastime of Mary, Queen of Scots. The hunt would often lead her and her court around the shores of Loch Rossie, with the chase passing through Rossie Estate, located at the head of the loch, whether the pursuit veered north or south.

The current owners of Backhouse Rossie Estate are descendants of Mary, Queen of Scots, through the marriage of their ancestor, James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell and 1st Duke of Orkney, who was her third husband.

This deep historical connection with Mary, Queen of Scots enriches the heritage of Rossie Estate, adding an intriguing layer to the estate’s fascinating past.

Historic Connections – Isaac Newton

Refraction & Apple Trees

In spring, we celebrate the discovery of refraction, the bending of white light through a prism, first observed by Sir Isaac Newton, with a vibrant rainbow of tulips surrounding the Isaac Newton tree here at Rossie Estate.

In autumn, take a moment to appreciate the same apple varieties that Newton would have seen in his orchard. Just be careful not to bump your head on the branches! This connection to one of history’s greatest minds adds a unique layer of intrigue to our estate, blending science and nature in a beautiful, tangible way.